What is the result of maladjusted positions of the maxillary and mandibular teeth?

Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth. This condition can arise from various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, or premature loss of teeth. When the teeth do not fit together correctly, it can lead to difficulties in chewing, increased wear on the teeth, and even jaw pain.

The significance of malocclusion extends beyond aesthetics; it can lead to problems with oral health. Other conditions listed, such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, are primarily related to the health of the gums and the structure of the teeth themselves rather than the alignment. While malocclusion can predispose a person to these dental issues due to uneven distribution of force while biting or improper cleaning of teeth, it is specifically the misalignment of the teeth that defines malocclusion as the correct answer.