Which hormones are primarily involved in regulating gastric acid secretion?

The regulation of gastric acid secretion is primarily controlled by gastrin and various feedback mechanisms. Gastrin is a hormone produced by the G cells in the stomach lining in response to food intake, particularly proteins. It stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is essential for digesting food and maintaining an acidic environment in the stomach.

Feedback mechanisms also play a vital role in this process. For instance, when the pH in the stomach becomes too low (more acidic), this can signal a decrease in gastrin secretion, thereby preventing excessive acid production. Additionally, the presence of acid in the stomach can trigger local reflexes that modulate gastrin release accordingly. This interplay between gastrin and feedback mechanisms ensures that gastric acid secretion is finely tuned in response to ever-changing digestive needs.

The other options involve hormones that play different roles in the body. Insulin and glucagon are primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels, while cortisol and adrenaline are related to stress responses and metabolism. Cholecystokinin and secretin are primarily involved in regulating bile release and pancreatic secretions, not gastric acid secretion.